Field Trip – MAT/ASSEM – Shops- Materials

Aesop Nolita

400 pages of NewYork Times Newspaper

concrete

wood

White Drapery

Newspaper– Stacks of Newspapers are mounted on a cardboard piece on the back, and are mounted on the walls around the shelves, apparent movement vertically. Some pieces are cut short to fit the small space between shelves, suggesting that it’s horizontally adjustable. Vertically, I think they’re about the same for every one but I think it could be adjustable also, of the amount of newspaper stacked.

Wood shelves – the newspaper stacks are put around the wood shelves, bright brown color.

The light brown colored wood material for the shelf and the counter area is a well-controlled contrast for the specs made from compressed typography from the newspapers. From afar, you can’t even tell that the material is made from the stacked newspaper but a unified horizontal line and vertical irregular black pattern.

 

Claus Porto, 230 Elizabeth St

Materials :

1. Cork (Portuguese Material- Medium Brown Color,

+ sustainable, makes less or no waste, molds

-Brittle

2. Marble Stone

3. Wood

4. Brick Walls

Cork– Cork structure is molded into geometric structures that add up and surrounds the shopping area like a dome. The geometric pattern is arranged as decorative purposes but also another tweak of the pattern along with the actual material adds enough surface to hold individual soap bars for display.  There are empty spaces where candles or perfumes are displayed with spotlighting which shows how the material was constructed with thought into shapes to create these hollow spaces.

The cork material is painted in white, giving it an illlusion of a material that isn’t obviously cork to the eye. And cork, being a Portuguese material, from trees harvested from Portugal, which adds on to the company’s character, being a Portuguese soap/parfumery brand. The only thing about them is that they’re brittle, but it’s a big sustainable material because it creates no waste as it is a molding material.

Marble Stone – Sink

A chunk of marble stone sanded down into hollow spaces for storage and sink area. Smooth and soft edges, added with golden brass/metal material for the tab and sinkhole, and wooden shelving for towels.

As the surrounding walls are covered with the cork material, using this as a single structure located in the center of the hall was a great choice and the material itself is a structure you cut down from.

 

Storefront for Art and Architecture

Materials

Concrete – engineered precast concrete panels outside

Fastened thin material

 

Prada 

Zebra Wood

Corrigated Plastic

Chloroplast (Walls)

Sillicone?

Zebra wood – It’s characterized by its stripes similar to ones of a zebra, and is found in central America. It wears off easily,

Chloroplast – placed against the walls and ceiling, the translucent finish giving a general glow of the industrial light put against them. The vertical linear squares give it a different checkered soft brushed feeling of industrial light where if it wasn’t vertically sectioned out in squares, it would just give a smooth glow.

(a photo from instagram to best show the lined glow)

 

Apple 

Tempered Laminated Glass sheets

Sand stone/ Lime Stone

Aluminum (columns- Matte finish)

 

Camper

Lacquer finish

290 Mulberry St

Brick constrcution

Cast Concrete Brick

Cememt – no morter – concrete binding

 

10 Bond St

Terracotta Ceramic glazed

40 Bond 

Polish stainless steel

Cast glass

Metal

 

41 Bond 

 

Blue Stone – cut differently (soft smooth, bumpy rough)

 

Plastics Communication – Coca Cola

After my class I was walking to studio with a friend of mine talking about the environment and climate change. She casually laughed and said “Miri, think about the polar bears!”

One thing that pops into my mind when someone says something about polar bear is Coca Cola. The world’s favorite brand of coke, with the distinct red and white logo with polar bears. There’s many sayings about how this polar bear came to place. The first printed commercial with these polar bears appeared in France in 1922. And when Ken Stewart was asked to create a commercial for coca cola, while he was in the movie theater drinking coke, he thought of how his dog resembled polar bears.  Funny enough, that’s how the polar bears came to be. Since then, Coca Cola’s iconic mascot became the white polar bears.

Maybe then, polar bears weren’t in danger. Coincidentally these polar bears set as mascots have become another useful strategy for the company to promote awareness of climate change.

These are some pictures of bottles and cans of coca cola, featuring these polar bears.

 

You can see that their design is very simple, clean, very friendly looking white polar bears. I’m guessing that their strategy was increasing more awareness of these animals. In my opinion, polar bears aren’t animals we see in our daily lives used as brand logos or made in plushies for kids to play with. Usually, they’re more available in souvenir shops in zoos or aquariums(?). And they aren’t animals we are able to see and have many interactions with it.  So just by Coke portraying these animals on their soda cans increases tremendously in this interaction and awareness of these animals with the society.

Other than this, Coca Cola has been doing a lot of interesting advertising with hands-on interaction with customers buying these drinks. For example, the Christmas ribbon bottle created a big interest in people all over Asia with its first launch in Japan.

 

I was one of the people that bought a coke for this experience while I was in Japan, and honestly the “science” behind this wasn’t special at all, and I was even disappointed in it because it didn’t work that smoothly. But this small mechanic behind this label and this idea of a ribbon which signifies a symbol of gifting just warms people’s hearts and makes them happy.

 

Therefore, I wanted to create a  label advertisement using the same idea of shifting a bit the labeling. I created these four designs which are off of the original 4 designs on coke cans already. I tried to keep it as less vulgar as possible, that drags people’s attention and hooks them into finding out what is wrong with the design and keep an eye on them.

 

 

The first can design beforehand had a group of three happy polar bears. I created bar-like structures to indicate their situation of being trapped, indicating that they don’t have the freedom as all animals should.

The second design before-hand incorporated the polar bear’s shadows coming out from a coke bottle which  I turned into a fume tunnel intoxicating the air. I got the motif of the toxic green color from the bottle itself. The green substance is drooled on to the polar bears and their face expression shows discomfort, sadness and the tears from gas. The toxic sign is also added to indicate that.

In the third design, beforehand showed a female figure (supposedly the mother due to the eyelashes) hugging two young polar bears. I converted their expressions into worrying sad expressions and put water rising onto the little ones.

And lastly, I took the whole can which had a happy family of polar bears smiling, converted their expressions into frowning in order to hold their breath due to them being trapped underwater.

Out of all four, the most successful design idea would be the third and the fourth. But I’d pick the third because it has a somewhat heartwarming motif (mother and children) and the idea of water level rising slowly to kill them. I dont think they’re too vulgar to be selling in the streets and it pulls the perfect amount of curiosity out of the buyers.

Project 1 – Wire and Felt: Two Opposites in Harmony

Felt and Wire both were materials I had worked with before, so I had a good sense of the different possible physical manipulation of them. But I never considered the additional senses I could put people into by manipulating the scale. For example, the way felt seatings feel compared to roofing made with felt is quite different and gives a totally different experience.

The feel, the touch, and the experience given with the material were the three things I considered.

 

These are the three scale manipulation for the first material which was folding felt. The three different scales, one being the size of a hand, second the size of the human body, and lastly the size that takes up the whole room or space. This intertwined folded piece of felt, working as a removable wall hanging, as a place to sit giving some private space due to how it is arranged, and lastly as a passageway where the material is heavily thick giving a quiet sensory experience of a person walking through it.

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Next, these were the three scale manipulations for Wire, with suspension. With the use of the daylight, I wanted to show the play of light and shadow with this particular material in the space.

Fist iteration was the seating area, really focusing on the suspension of the material and how it could be used as a form of direct interaction with the human. Second is the wall hanging a piece that plays with the lighting and shadows, and lastly, the actual human size wire sculpture where people get the light and shadow experience but different from the felt piece, it’s more of an open space airy type of experience.

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These are the journey photos through the space by a human perspective. The photos go from the view from the entrance, then turning towards the tunnel with the view of the top floors.

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Here are the different times, days of the year which I thought was important to note. Because the sun mainly casted upon this corner of the room, I intentionally put the wire piece and decided to see the different manipulation of shadows and light it created.

Left (Summer Solstice 10 AM)  – Right (Summer Solstice 14h [2pm])

 

May-July 12 o’clock

Equinox 10 AM

 

 

2nd Post – Plastic Bag

  (Example of the bags- quite different from ordinary plastic bags. More flimsy and thin)
This is a type of plastic bag that we use very commonly in Korea. I feel like the use of these bags in the US is usually found in the supermarkets for holding fruits or vegetables. But in korea, these big rolls are very commonly found in homes, used to hold food, on top of food containers even with lids to prevent spillage. Zip lock bags in Korea has been introduced only recently a few years ago, and it’s considered quite expensive. But the large quantity and the easily shapable form of these bags are why so many people use it. I use it less here because I don’t usually eat a lot of things that need to be held or anything, but in korea we use it excessively.
The type of plastic is Low-Density Polyethylene, (LDPE) which is number 4 on the key for plastics. Its characteristics are the tensile strength, flexibility and its water barrier properties. Polyethylene is a material used to transport goods like food, powder and all kinds of sorts.

After the bags are collected for recycling, it’s given a second chance to live as other products like floor tiles, furniture, trash cans. LDPE that’s not recycled goes to landfill and consumes petroleum. The company melts the plastic to get rid of other contaminants. They’re turned into thin plastic sheets, sold out to other manufacturers. There are better alternatives than using these plastic bags. I’ve heard that there are beeswax wrapping that is biodegradable to wrap foods and hold foods. And already there are re-usable zip lock bags made out of silicone base materials being sold on Amazon. 

 Before plastic bags were invented in the 1940’s, food products were wrapped in paper bags or paper. Vegetables, even candy were packed into wrapping papers after measured by weight. When people got home they’d fill the glass jars to keep them at their homes.

1st Post – Sustainability PLASTICS

(Please understand that I joined a bit late so I didn’t realize that I had this assignment and had less time to collect my use of plastic. )
The type of plastic that I chose for this post was the pete bottles, clear plastic bottles made out of polyethylene terephthalate. They’re identified as #1 in the recycling triangle located on the bottom of the bottle. The use of this bottle is usually to hold liquids, like water, soda, other drinks. The reason why I chose this is that it’s my frequent use of plastic. I usually take a bottle of water to go from home to school, and usually drink 2 bottles per day.
After use, I throw them out in the recycling bin where it’s taken to get sorted into different colors.  Transparent, uncolored PET, blue and green PET, remainders into one pile.
 There’s always a better alternative rather than using plastic bottles. There are stainless bottles for use, where you can reuse it again and again. Ancient civilizations used large casks or urns to preserve water and it was on a larger scale where one person couldn’t hold it.
And in the medieval era, people drank from waterskins made from animal hide. It was referred to as “water bladders”.
 Image result for bottle water polar springs

Material Connexion

Alexander Timber Solid

Naturals

Giles Miller Studio

 

Small Hexagonal wood tiles in tessellation. Each hexagons are tilted in different angles and orientations to create different shades and subtle imagery. Supplied as singular pieces, or pre-made at extra cost. Comes in 600×800 mm (23.6x 31.5 in) with 6mm (0.24in) MDF (medium density fiberboard) backing: 15mm (0.6 in) at highest point and 5mm (0.2in) at lowest.

The material is available in different colors in matte, gloss, metallic, high metallic, pearlescent and crackled finishes.

They are made by a company called Giles Miller Studio located in London, known for their repetitive geometric panels used in sculptures, surfaces as well as architecture.

These tile can be used to feature walls and areas as decorative surface art installation.

I chose this material because I saw various ways this could be used. And it reminded me of my studio project last year involving geometric patterns and wall panels.  After research I found out that the company does use this for various purposes.

 

 

Origami D 1-20

Process

KNITit

Base Yarn consisting of a nylon/spandex blend which allows it to move around. It will retain back to its original form after being stretched. As a one-step knitting process, there’s no cutting, sewing waste or seams.

Minimum needle bed width is 48 in (122 cm) but dimensions can change.

The sample runs are created in the company’s Michigan Studio. A company called KNITit,  founded in 2015 run by Liz Hilton.

This particular knit can be used for furniture, lighting and components for consumer electronics.

The reason why I chose this is because I found that the movement this material can perform was interesting and its ability to retain its shape. Also, it reminded me of Japanese origami structures due to the folds and geometric shapes. After research I found out that Liz Hilton, the founder of KNITit actually not only studied in FIT and Politecnico di Milano but also Germany and Japan, working for Stoll (the leading manufacture of CNC flat bed weft knitting machines)

 

Cullus Molto

Polymers

Abinitio

3D knitted textile that has a distinct egg crate-like surface to diffuse sound. CS polyester (a flame retardant version of the popular polyester fiber) is used for this textile. It can be sewn like standard textile as well has the 3D knitting process. It is washable, and customization of color is available. But its standard colors are: white, silver gray, blue and beige.

It is sold in continuous lengths at maximum width of 80cm (31.5 in). Weighs 1500 gsm (44 osy). For sound absorption, it complies with Class A for double layer of the material and Class C for single layer. The absorption class varies from A-E, A having the highest sound absorption.

The fabric is used for wall and ceiling mounted sound-absorbing panels and wraps. But also for lampshades, and as a cut and sew fabric for flat surfaces.

I chose this material because I thought the egg crate like surface was interesting. And right away I knew that it was used as a sound absorbing material, but also the design appearance seemed pretty warm and could be used as part of the appearance of an interior.

UC trip

The primary materials of the space/interior/building 

Structural Glass= Tempered Glass –

Image result for tempered glass materialRelated image

Bamboo Wood – Perforating Material

 

Image result for bamboo woodImage result for perforated wood

Terrazzo

Image result for terrazzo

Metal + Patina

Image result for metal and bronze patina

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Bamboo Wood – Mostly indicates the entrance of the auditorium on the walls and the ceiling. The floor color varies similarly with the bamboo paneled walls indicating the entrance of a new zone. The panel shapes are irregular due to the surrounding wall designs which makes it come in triangular forms as well as square panels on the ceiling and  long rectangular forms on the walls. The panels don’t seem too thick. The colors compared to the dark gray panels are very distinct to the eye, so it’s very eye catching.
(+details with perforated wood panels inside the entrance way)
the bamboo wood wall panels are perforated. The holes punched in the wood allows air cavities and allows sound bouncing for better. They “decrease sound reverberation within a building so sound does not disturb adjoining rooms in the same building.” (https://www.soundproofcow.com/acoustic-panels/perforated-acoustic-wood-panels/)
 
 (bamboo wood up close has very thin vertical lines)
Terrazzo –
 The whole floor is mounted with Terrazzo, which is a material that lasts very long. Usually they come in basic colors and are varnished to have that glossiness to it as seen at site. The little detail that I found was that following the irregular shape of the auditorium which is shown directly with the mounting of the bamboo walls and ceiling, the floor has the same irregular triangular shape that is in a lighter shade than the rest of the floor. Both the bamboo textured panels and the floor color simultaneously guides one and points out the auditorium space.
Materiality in the context of spatial and sensory experience
The entrance of the Tishman auditorium is eye catching and easy to find due to the color contrast of the gray panels to the bamboo and light colored terrazzo finish. The wooden finish gives it a warm feeling out of the gray slightly cold paneled walls. The floor also helps in this process by exactly copying where the wooden panels start, with a lighter shade on the floor.
               
(Notice the change in the color on the floor according to the edges of the wood panels)

1A

For Project 1
1.
The 10 statements made were pretty interesting yet some were just things that I’ve never thought about. As art students we’re always thought of being creative compared to other people. It’s a typical stereotype that art students are creative but we’ve never really thought of the characteristics of being creative rather than just having good ideas or different ideas. But seeing them actually written down, they apply directly to the way I think which was interesting.
The one that I thought was the most interesting for me was Number 8.
“8. Impossible to be creative without having first
internalized a domain of culture. Difficult to see how a
person can be creative without being both traditional and
conservative and at the same time rebellious and
iconoclastic.”
Thinking about how this applies directly to me, coming from a South Korean background but living in so many different diverse places, I’ve never felt a particular attachment to one culture. I tend to try to use every aspect I learned from other cultures and its what people think is creative. It’s something i’ve always thought I was lacking in, staying traditional and conservative.
2.
I feel like collaboration is essential as it feels like a way of communication between people and sharing our creativity between one another. It’s a way to express our ideas and we are asking for feedback.
I think because we live in a society where technologies create a way to do things individually rather than seeing people face to face, it really does have impact on the way we can collaborate. And technology in many aspect makes us be more separated (yet social).

Studio Textile Wall Covering Project

We were asked to create a minimum of 9 tiles at 1:1 scale of a wall covering. We were required to develop a 2-dimensional form of a portion of of a wall of our studio project and show the processes used. And after the design submission we were asked to create a minimum of 9 tiles with real materials that we learned about during this class.

My studio project which was creating a pop up tea room and pop up store space located in the Vanderbilt Hall in Grand Central Station. Based on my previous backgrounds in African Culture, I chose the Rooibos tea to sell in the shops.

And relating that with this project, I created wall coverings based on the textile patterning I create in my free time.

These are two of my favorite patterned designs that I created :

 

And these two were the designs that I sort of messed around with using Auto Cad:

And this was my final project format.

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Studio Seminar Final

 

I centered my two projects on the efficiency of NewYork’s public spaces. I’ve always had passion for the usage of space and their efficiency. And that is the main reason why I chose my major; Interior Design and the reason behind why I chose Systems and Strategies.

The class visit from City Lore was something that really stuck up in my mind. The way they cared about different public spaces and how each space has its own little story brought me back thinking that they might be part of people’s lives after all. One quote that I found helpful in gathering my ideas was “small urban places are “priceless,” and the city street is “the river of life…where we come together.” 

 

For my Studio Final, I decided to make an playful interaction for kids with Union Square. The simplest and easiest way to spread the history and facts about Union Square might just be children telling their parents what they’ve learned about Union Square or even just completing this fun little activity while the parents drink coffee at the benches. I decided to take this approach because I felt that this was how I used to engage with the art works at famous museums in Paris when I was living there a child myself. France always tried to include kids and their art education starts at a very early age. In Museums, they would have kid’s packets where there were activities like coloring (plus free mini color pencils), treasure hunting, games…etc. I decided to make one for adults or kids with educational purposes but also express their creativity.

I made 7 cards for the 7 different facts  about Union Square. The children are free to do anything they want to do with it,  but the best way would be to find seven different locations to draw. Also, I made a little map to guide them where they were in terms of the map.

The reason behind the Vintage look I went on for the packaging is to bring back the essence of touch and having something in hand to keep. Usually so many people are on their phones, even kids now use phones and are materialistic.

Here are some photos of the finished product. 

Studio Final 

(Front View) Est. 1882 – The year Union Square was first built

(Back View)

(Inside: Cards)

(Inside: Map of Union Square)

 I couldn’t find little mini colored crayons but I would have included them inside the packet.

=

 

Seminar Essay: I decided to write 7 entries on key things to know about Union Square in general. Except for the facts I wrote about Union Square being a location for drug dealing, I think these facts are perfect and work both way for the studio final.

 

Union Square

New York city has managed to create vast amount of public spaces for the people living in such urbanized area. Very easy examples of such public spaces in New York City are the public parks. People might think they’re simply just spaces where New Yorkers can take a break from their urbanized surroundings and feel closer to nature but that isn’t quite all. They’re places where social interaction is easily possible. Organizations are able to hold events that usually help businesses nearby, people are able to voice their thoughts by protesting.

Farmers Market/ GrowNYC
Farmers Markets have played a great role in revitalizing the area, from a drug dealing abandoned area to a flourishing people friendly tourist area. The major food market that manages this is from the non profit organization called GrowNYC. GrowNYC created in 1970 is an organization that was able to operate the Union Square greenmarket , building community gardens, teaching people about the environment, recycling awareness.
According to their website, Grow NYC’s mission is “ to improve New York City’s quality of life through environmental programs that transform communities block by block and empower all New Yorkers to secure a clean and healthy environment for future generations.”
It all started out with 7 farmers in 1976, and now hosts around 140 regional farmers, fishers and even bakers for around 4 days a week, the growth of the Farmers Market hosted at Union Square might be the largest accomplishment Grow NYC has ever had.

Protests
The first protest rally in Union Square Park takes place in support of the Union on April 20, 1861. Along with the 10,000 workers marching for first-ever American Labor Day rally that took place in September of 1882. Since then, Union Square has been New York’s number one hub for rallies, political protests relating to immigration, race and politics. On sunny days, Union Square is filled with people playing chess, performances and people just sitting to talk. On those days, organizations or even small groups of people stand with signs

Needle Park
About 20 years ago, Union Square was not a place you would call up your friends to gather. The park was filled with homeless people, and drug dealers. Throughout the years, the so called “Union Square Park” we know, had several different nicknames such as Needle Park and Methadone Alley. Along with this park, another park located in Greenwich village, called Washington Square Park, and even the uptown city-run facility called Madison Square park, residents are still reporting specific areas where the drug dealers use the open space for such activities. These drug involving activities are happening in a place , where people seek a leafy shaded area to lie down on the grass to read a book and where kids are running around in the playground area.There had been several police arrests in Union Square, around May 2012, NYPD arrested 10 drug peddlers and 2 carrying. In total they found up to 160 pills including Xanax, Klonopin as well as 2 bags of Heroin. Recently there hasn’t been cases dealing with such amount of drugs but the usage of the park to simply smoke weed happens on a daily basis.

Union
Many people don’t know the meaning behind “Union” in the name for the Union Square Park. Most think that it comes from federal union of United States or just labor unions in general due to the ever first labor union march that took place there. But it actually comes from the location, placed between or at the “union” of then-Bloomingdale Road and Bowery Road which is now Fourth Avenue and Broadway,

Landmarks
In Union Square park, there are in total of four major historical monuments, usually good meeting spots for people in area.
The statue of George Washington, the first president of the United States is the oldest sculpture in New York City Parks collection. It was built by Henry Kirke Brown (1814-1886) dedicated in the park on July 4th 1856. The statue, made of Bronze and Barre granite measures overall 26’4” and is located in the South end of the Union Square Park.
Next, is the Statue of Abraham Lincoln which was also built by Henry Kirke Brown not long after his death and was sponsored by Union League Club. The statue is made of Bronze, Dix Island, ME granite and measures about 8’, located in the North end of the park.
Another is the Statue of Marquis de Lafayette, a french general fighting for Americans during the American Revolution built as a token of appreciation from the french government on September 6th 1876. It was built by Frederic-Auguste Barthodi, who also designed the Statue of the Liberty in 1886. It’s built with Bronze and polished Quincy granite which measures 15’ height and stands in the Park Avenue South at 16th street.
Last but not least, the most recently built is the statue of Mohandas Ghandhi, dedicated on October 2nd, 1986 on the 117th anniversary of his birth. Well-known leader of nonviolent protests for the Indian independence from Britain, this statue of Gandhi was placed in the park due to the tradition of protest that happens in the park.

Activities
Every year, Union Square brings in neighboring businesses near Union Square to strengthen the consumer and business-to-business through hosting events. In 2017, 198 events were hosted at Union Square Park. Around February, Union Square uses local gyms, fitness studios that are near and brings them to host events such as Sweat Fest. And around summer, Union Square Partnership brings hundred of activities at the park. Lastly, around fall, they host Harvest in Square, bringing in local restaurants and their wine.
Sanitation
As Union Square is becoming a very popular place, Union Square Partnership has put effort in keeping the park clean with their Clean Team working seven days a week. Thel lime green bistro tables and chairs have been newly added. According to Union Square Partnership’s report on the year 2017, there are 22 Clean team workers, 45,745 hours of cleaning done, 237 feet of graffiti removed.
Public spaces as they’re open and accessible to the people, it is so easy to tell whether that public space is really working or not by simply observing the place yourself. William H. Whyte, an American urbanist, journalist and organizational analyst, working with New York City Planning Commission in 1969, became interested in the efficiency of public spaces in the city. He conducted observations and film analyses of open public spaces such as parks, streets, corporate plazas, all over New York City. More than anything, Whyte believed in the perseverance and sanctity of public spaces. For him, small urban places are “priceless,” and the city street is “the river of life…where we come together.”

 

 

 

 

Annotated Bibliography

Collins, Meaghan. “Union Square: Activism by Design.” Off the Grid : The Blog of the Greenwich Village Society For Historic Preservation(blog), December 10, 2012. Accessed May 02, 2018. http://gvshp.org/blog/2014/12/10/union-square-activism-by-design/.

This website was the most informative in terms of the past history and union square came to be in terms of the space used for protest, in order for the people’s voices to be heard and concludes with how it still is used with that purpose. A lot of factual information, dates and even photographs of these events taking place.

 

Goicochea, Julia. “A Brief History of Union Square, New York City.” Culture Trip. December 21, 2017. Accessed May 02, 2018. https://theculturetrip.com/north-america/usa/new-york/articles/a-brief-history-of-union-square-new-york-city/.

A NewYork Guide and tips post for Union Square on Culturetrip, a website for exploring different cultures. It gives information on how Union Square had impact on the Labor movement in NYC.

“GrowNYC | The Sustainability Resource for New Yorkers.” Union Square Greenmarket Monday | GrowNYC. Accessed May 01, 2018. https://www.grownyc.org/.

Grow NYC is the main organization that funds the farmers market in Union Square. It not only gives people in New York the chance to buy fresh organic products, it is beneficial to the farmers themselves. The goals they’ve set and the achievements they’ve made have largely impacted the efficiency of Union Square.

 

Johnston, Garth. “Police Arrest 10 Alleged Drug Dealers, 2 Users In Union Square’s ‘Methadone Alley’.” Gothamist. Accessed May 01, 2018. http://gothamist.com/2012/05/10/police_arrest_10_dealers_2_users_in.php.

An article on the largest arrest of drug dealing that happend at Union Square park. It adds to the fact that Union Square long before the efforts put in, was a park that people were afraid of, and lead to inefficiency of the area.

Martin, Douglas. “A Growth Spurt for Union Square Park.” The New York Times. September 12, 1998. Accessed May 08, 2018. https://www.nytimes.com/1998/09/12/nyregion/a-growth-spurt-for-union-square-park.html

New York Times article on how Union Square has grown over the years. It addresses what the people wanted and how they’ve tried to incorporate them into improving Union Square.

 

“New York City Department of Parks & Recreation.” §1-04 Prohibited Uses : NYC Parks. Accessed May 08, 2018. https://www.nycgovparks.org/.

This is a New York government organized website that specifically gives information about the parks. It gives detailed information on the location, basic history, events that happened and will happen, some key figures (if there is)…etc.

 

“William H. Whyte.” RSS. Accessed May 03, 2018. https://www.pps.org/article/wwhyte.

William H. Whyte was an urbanist, journalist and an analyst. He with his own curiosity, researched how public spaces were working out in the city. He started his Street life project, conducting observations and research with film on open spaces in New York City.

 

Union Square Partnership Annual Report 2018. PDF. New York: Union Square Partnership.

This is an annual report for the Union Square’s profile, improvements, important numbers from the year 2017. It shows the current state of Union Square and the things Union Square Partnership is doing to improve the state and usage.