Year 1

This is the parent category of all courses taken in year 1.

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Top 6 Advantages Of PTFE

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Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is an exceptionally strong and resilient rubber with superior tensile strength, chemical resistance, and thermal and electrical conductivity. Each carbon atom in PTFE has two fluorine atoms covalently bonded to it, making up the material’s molecular structure. 

 

These fluorine atoms enclose the carbon chain, producing a chemically inert polymer structure and a dense molecule with extraordinarily strong carbon-fluorine bonds.

 

The use of Teflon coatings has many benefits. Polytetrafluoroethylene, better known as Teflon, is a synthetic fluoropolymer of tetrafluoroethylene that finds use in various contexts. Let’s go over the fundamentals of PTFE and some of its most notable advantages.

Where Does PTFE Fit In?

PTFE’s outstanding properties make it suitable for various uses because it can endure even the harshest of environments. This fluoroplastic can be found in various food and beverage-related products, including but not limited to: cooking appliances, food covers, conveyor belt rollers, temperature sensors, and non-stick surface covers.

 

In the chemical industry, PTFE makes vessel linings, gaskets, and chemical tanks, among other things. High-temperature uses for PTFE include terminal insulation on heated components in aircraft engines, ultraviolet lamps, types of gas valves, and outside aircraft fittings.

 

PTFE is a useful material for various medical applications, including creating intravascular and extravascular catheters, bio-containment vessels, syringes, and sutures. 

 

When it comes to electrical insulation and the safeguarding of electronic components, this one-of-a-kind fluoropolymer is unrivaled.

Benefits Of PTFE 

Coating bearings and screws with PTFE machining can increase the lifespan of both the bearings and the machinery. They are a part of, in addition to the lifespan of the machinery itself when used with corrosive chemicals during handling or storage.

  1. Electrical Context

Because of its high surface resistance, PTFE is useful in the electrical industry as an antistatic coating. 

 

Due to its high insulating properties, it is used in various applications, including preventing electrical current flow and absorbing electrical impulses in electronic and medical equipment and assemblies.

 

It is often used in underwater machinery where insulation is essential. One of the top examples of such usage is pond filtration systems with ceramic filter media. The electronic filtration for ponds consists of a few parts that needs to be electrically insulated. 

  1. Water Repellent

As PTFE is impervious to water and oil, a screw coated with it will be resistant to corrosion and lubricated as it is driven into its target surface. This means there will be less wear on the screw and the surface, and the fastening will hold for longer.

  1. Tolerance To Hot Temperatures

PTFE’s high heat resistance is remarkable. You can use it in temperatures up to 500 degrees Fahrenheit without worrying about it breaking. That’s why it’s so important in the kitchen: it saves time and money. 

 

Make the most of your pastry recipe by incorporating a pan with a nonstick coating. Because of its high-temperature resistance, PTFE is widely employed in the packing sector, where it is often applied as a coating to aluminum steel plates and heat platens.

  1. Durable 

Using parts that last longer and perform better is a simple method to increase the productivity of any machine, lower the frequency with which parts need to be replaced, cut down on the time and resources spent obtaining and installing new parts, and cut down on waste.

 

Because of this, fewer repairs will be needed, which lowers the maintenance cost, and less costly industrial downtime will be required due to breakdowns or repairs.

  1. Non-Stick

Aside from a few more viscous materials that may attach to PTFE momentarily, very few solid substances can actually adhere to it. PTFE has applications in both the kitchen and the medical field. 

 

It prevents blood clots and obstructions by keeping blood from sticking to devices as they go through a patient’s circulatory system. Because of this, PTFE is frequently used in medical needles and other guide wires. 

 

The nonstick properties of PTFE make it an attractive material for usage in the dental industry. It is commonly applied to orthodontic appliances like clips, arch wires, clamps, and springs to prevent food from getting stuck.

  1. Easy To Clean

Since PTFE coatings are non-wetting, they permit parts to clean themselves, reducing the frequency with which equipment needs to be cleaned. 

 

PTFE is a great option for many uses because it is non-toxic, has a low risk of polymer fume fever in humans (when used in Teflon-coated cookware at temperatures above 260 degrees C), and is FDA-approved for use with food.

PTFE’s Unique Qualities

In a molecule of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), the hydrogen atoms are replaced with fluorine atoms, while in a molecule of plastic, the hydrogen atoms are simply connected to a chain of carbon. 

 

What this means for the material’s properties is substantial, and PTFE, like other fluoroplastics, has its own special qualities:

 

  • Extremely hot environments for labor.

 

  • Having the quality of not sticking to anything.

 

  • A low-resistance surface.

 

  • Very high resistance to chemicals and solvents.

 

  • There’s an extremely high electrical resistance.

 

  • The substance can be used to prevent water damage, shield against harmful ultraviolet radiation, and prevent rust.

 

  • Biodegradable, non-reactive, and harmless.

Conclusion

Teflon, or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), is a material with several useful qualities. PTFE may be familiar to most people as a material used in cookware, but it has many additional applications. 

 

Nuts, bolts, fasteners, cable supports, conveyor panels for the food industry, and aerospace components are examples of where these materials might be used.

 

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Florida Coastal Join Forces to Provide Carbon Reduction to Fleet Operators

A special remote monitoring company and a carbon reduction consultancy have decided to together take on the task of proffering such services that play a major role in the reduction and analysis of vessel emissions. These services work well to accomplish new grounds of science and enhancement of vessel performance.

 

A maritime remote monitoring business,  and a carbon reduction and feasibility company have joined hands to offer their skills to monitor and reduce fuel, energy utilization, and carbon emissions in vehicles and business activities of the firms operating in the marine industry. This works well when we keep in mind how vital carbon reduction and adequate usage of fuel is at this time.

 

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The unified service being offered uses fuel consumption that is previously measured, as well as emission information from the remote monitoring services of Florida Coastal’s BareFLEET. In addition, it also utilizes the data accumulated on different areas of customer operations, for a comprehensive look on the businesswide carbon emissions analysis. This offers an all-inclusive overview of a company’s energy and fuel utilization and emissions, majorly based on previously recorded data, proffering an integrated review of carbon liabilities across business activities.

 

Florida Coastal trains in analyzing all energy, fuel and emissions effects of a company’s complete business functions. This means that all the business functions that may be affected by the fuel, energy, and emissions value are analyzed and the methods to enhance such working are accumulated. The institute’s Carbon Management Plan permits the customers to authorize standards, consistently analyze the working and enact enhancements as time goes on. This offers more knowledge and a chance to gain hands-on experience with something revolutionary.

 

Note: Florida Coastal Services is a South Florida Marine service company. Expert ship water pipe insulation. We service all private yachts and commercial vessels.

 

In addition to the services and designing on the naval architecture of the founding team, the company helps spread awareness into certain methods which aid a company to reduce the fuel/energy costs and emissions. This was done so with the help of the vessel performance information that was recorded by the BareFLEET along with the architectural and functional qualities of each vessel in a customer’s fleet.

 

This method combines Big Data with human experience, providing businesses with practical choices that have certified benefits based on the collected and analyzed information that would enhance their performance. The combination of the aforementioned factors ensures that the customers will notice an obvious benefit in their experience of the vessel, which is the ultimate goal.

 

Such a service would benefit the customers of the fleet for a long time to come and would ensure safety of the environment. By combining the best of both companies, they have come up with a way to satisfy everyone possible.

 

Therefore, the aim to provide customers with the best of services is completed with the provision of this service. The services that combine science and the future to offer benefits that have not been offered in any time before.

 

Transaction funding Fort Lauderdaleis a quick, easy, and smart way for wholesalers to earn a significant profit on a same-day, simultaneous

 

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U.S. Vacancy and Homeownership Rate Sees Slight Growth in Q4 2021 — RISMedia

Towards the end of 2021, vacancy for residential and home ownership witnessed little growth during the final months. The growth news was reported by the U.S. Census Bureau. The dissemination of Information on the 3rd day of January was that rates of homeownership was at 65.5% in the first four months of 2021 above the third quarter of the previous year which was below Q4 which had 65.8%

 

Many contractors have to be approved by a background screening company in order to work on various job sites.

 

While vacancy rates for rental housing across the nation was at 5.6%, homeowner housing was at 0.9% in the last three months of 2021 below 0.9% and 0.1% as each year goes by.  

 

Key takeaways—Q4 2021

  •       The United States has an average estimation of 89.5% of her housing units being inhabited.
  •       Midwest has highest percentage of homeownership rates of 70.1%.
  •       The vacant for-sale units was $1,207 by average enquiry.
  •       $239,000 was the average demanding sales price for vacant for-sale units.
  •       Northeast and West had the lowest rental vacancy rates of 4.3% and 4.0% respectively.
  •       The West had the lowest homeowner vacancy rates with percentage of 0.7%.

 

Expert Analysis

83.5 million House occupants boosted the rate of homeownership in 2021’s fourth quarter little above the third quarter which is 0.3% points below the same quarter of the year 2020 as wake of the pandemic keep helping the markets for housing and the economy.

 

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Age is the predominant factor for the rate of homeownership. While those in-between the ages of 0-35 years have the lowest rate comprising of 38.3%, the highest rate of homeownership goes to the oldest age group from 65 years above. The latter occupy about 79.4%.   

 

The rates of homeownership increases as same as young households age with those in-between 35 to 44 years elevating to 61.4% in Q4 2021 slightly down the U.S average. The oldest millennials will become 41 this year and about 45 million millennials are at early first time ages of home buying which in turn leads to the demographic group that is the pivotal reason for competition in marketing conditions of housing. In the past one year and the third three months, the rates of homeownership were balanced or increased for those between 35 and 54. However, the rate of homeownership reduced for households that were younger and older.     

 

In conjunction with age, we notice consistent togetherness between the rates of homeownerships for varieties of ethnic and racial groups. The Black households had decreased during the tracking made for homeownership rates in the previous year and the third quarter making it the lowest among the racial and ethnic groups. Those of Hispanic households had changes that were insignificant in their statistics.

 

However, Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander and Asian households had profits in the rates of homeownership during the past one year and the third quarter. The vacuum in the rate of homeownership is one visible reality of the problems many Americans encounter in gaining pathway to services related to housing and its synonymous entities.       

 

In spite of modern novel construction profits, the supply in housing continues as shown in low statement of the rates of vacancy in the fourth quarter in rented and owned homes. The rate for rental vacancy was at 38- year below the vacancy rate of homeowner which was stagnant at the lowest point in the history of 66 year’s Data. Q4 Census data displayed an increasing costs in housing at all board that is persistent with demanding cost trends for for-sale homes and rentals that is shown in realtor.com® real estate data which is related to insufficiency in homes owned and rented.

 

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Planning And Scheduling Professional Preparation

 

 

What does a Planning and Scheduling Engineer, a Project manager Engineer, a Planning Engineer who wishes to enhance their professionalism by acquiring a unique set of skills and knowledge, a new graduate who is seeking more significant and lucrative job opportunities, an engineer looking for a rise in their income and keen to learn how to plan and work effectively, an engineer who’s been stressed and punished by missed deadlines and desperately want to change their situation, or an engineer who lacks principles in their work, have in common? They are all looking to develop life-changing planning skills to meet every one of their deadlines and want to see their projects from a manager’s point of view! And the answer to all of their problems can be a Project Scheduling Professional (PSP) workshop! 

Well, I think I’m getting ahead of myself! Let’s start from the beginning! Hi! I’m here to talk about PSP and its benefits; if you want to grow in your project planning and scheduling profession or become internationally recognized as a member of AACE PSP certified person! 

What to Expect if You Want to Pursue a Career as a Project Scheduling Professional?

Obviously, the Planning and Scheduling Professional training aids the project management team in developing, monitoring, and updating the project plan and schedule so that the project’s execution happens in the most efficient way possible. 

As a PSP Specialist, you will assist in developing and implementing proper planning and scheduling techniques and methods. Prepare guidelines for project planning, scheduling management, and control. Support the project team toward project plan development by translating the project plan into the project’s schedule. You will be the leader in developing and analyzing project schedules, CPM software implementation, time impact, and researching project delays and the one keeping the project’s periodic program up to date! You should always be aware of the process, and based on your monitoring and updating of the schedule progress, you need to inform the project management team of changes to schedule outcomes. And most importantly, you are the one who schedules progress reports preparation and provides trending charts and analysis. You must maintain logs of the project’s scope changes, trends, and variances that potentially affect schedule performance.

As you can see, the job description and what your team and company expect from you as the new Project Scheduling Professional is pretty challenging! So unmistakably, the AACE PSP examination would be as challenging as the new shoes you are about to fill! 

The Project Scheduling Professional (PSP) Exam Requirements and Structure:

To be qualified for the Project Scheduling Professional examination, you need to have a minimum experience of four years in planning and Scheduling plus a four-year college or university degree. If you do not have a university or a college degree, you must have at least eight years of experience in project management, Scheduling, and planning. PSP is a closed book exam and will take 5 hours to complete! You will have 119 multiple-choice and compound scenario questions to go through. Plus, an essay writing assignment with a given scenario and instructions for registering a response in an onscreen text box.

To become a certified Planning & Scheduling Professional (PSP), you must meet the minimum eligibility requirements of AACE!

PSP Workshops Benefits:  

Now let us get back to the workshop situation I wanted to tell you about!

A Planning and Scheduling Professional workshop will minimize your study time and help you to understand and answer several questions, such as 

  1. How to achieve the project’s objective?
  2. How do you accomplish the project in the right way?
  3. Who is responsible for different parts of the project?
  4. What is the project’s timeframe, and how to effectively monitor the progress?

So it’s worth mentioning the Planning & Scheduling Professional workshop focuses on reviewing subjects covered in the exam and working through various sample questions to prepare you for the exam. Plus, you can obtain a general knowledge of project planning and scheduling! 

Pay attention to the workshops’ outlines and objectives to find the best options based on your personal needs and requirements!

The main outlines of the PSP workshops should be close to the list below to make you a better scheduler and planning professional:

  1. Help you understand planning elements and their definitions.
  2. Help you with work breakdown structure (WBS), organizational breakdown structure (OBS), and cost breakdown structure (CBS)
  3. It would be best if you learned about different types of schedules.
  4. Help you build critical path methods and schedule development.
  5. Resource loading & leveling
  6. Schedule compression or schedule maintenance
  7. Time/Cost Integration Considerations

If you choose your PSP workshop correctly, you will find new ways to achieve your career goals or change your aim to a planning career.

In the 3targets psp workshop, you can think about planning differently. The PSP course assists you in creating, reviewing, and editing project plans and schedules. I can’t emphasize enough the benefits of the PSP workshop to help you become a uniquely skilled planner who can ensure everything is achievable through your planning skills!

 

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What is Sag and Tension in Transmission Lines and Formula Calculation

 

Sag and tension are two terms that describe the amount of weight per unit length of a conductor. The lower the sag, the higher the tension, and the higher the force. A CFBG-based sensor can measure both tension and sag. Read on for more information about CFBG-based sensors and how they calculate sag. Electrical Engineering is a field required a lot of knowledge.

CFBG-based sensor for power line strain calculates sag

In this paper, we present the results of a novel CFBG-based sensor for power line sag calculations. This sensor is insensitive to ambient temperature, electromagnetic field, or any other external parameter. The sensor itself consists of a clamp and special steel plate, which is attached to the CFBG. We demonstrate that the proposed system is capable of being embedded on a power line wire.

In addition to measuring sag, the CFBG-based sensor also measures flux density, which increases with transmission line sag. This measurement allows the operator to calculate sag without a power outage. Moreover, the CFBG-based sensor is easy to install and requires no special training. It can be used in existing power systems and is relatively cheap.

Variations in length of measured section affect CFBGFWHM spectral width

The spectral width of CFBG is dependent on temperature and elongation of the section being measured. This effect is linearly proportional to the thermal expansion coefficient of the OTL wire and the testing plate. Variations in elongation are attributed to differences in electric current flow and conductor temperature. The total length of the wire L affects the power line sag D. A lot you wondering about what is sag. This change in elongation has a major impact on CFBGFWHM spectral width.

To measure CFBG spectral width, a short segment of a power line wire was used. Then, a steel plate was glued to the wire. The entire system was placed in a climate-control chamber. The temperature range was set at 10 to 90 degC. In Figure 7a, the spectral characteristics of the CFBG reflected signal were studied. The results of the experiment revealed that, as the temperature increases, the entire spectral width shifts to longer wavelengths. This is the underlying nonlinearity of the strain applied to the transducer.

Effect of wind and ice loading on sag calculation

The Sag formulae used in Overhead Transmission Lines are valid for conditions with normal temperatures and no wind. However, the weight of a conductor covered with ice and subject to wind pressure is far greater than the weight of the conductor itself. Because ice acts vertically downward, the weight of the conductor and wind forces are often multiplied, making the total force acting on the conductor greater than the weight alone.

Generally, sag calculations are made for temperatures above normal and assume normal temperatures. In cold climates, wind pressure will change the sag length, which may result in an unexpectedly long or short sag. Another factor that should be considered is the weight of ice on the conductor, which will increase the net diameter and weight of the line.

Hollow conductors

In a transmission line, hollow conductors are used to minimize corona loss, and are a popular alternative to solid ones. These hollow conductors can be manufactured with a range of diameters for different transmission power and voltage grades. The formula calculation also takes into account the economic current density, which is relevant for the number of bundled conductors required. The bundled conductors can carry more current than single-stranded ones, but are not as flexible as hollow conductors.

When determining the optimal positions for conducting elements, you must first define the structure of the system. The NGroundBundle and 1-by-NPhaseBundle vectors represent the positions of conductors on a transmission line. The default conductor outside diameters are 3.5500 cm and 1.2700 cm. However, if the conductors are made of a more flexible material, then the resistance is greater than that of a solid conductor.

Bundled conductors

One of the key benefits of bundled conductors is the reduction in surge impedance and higher disruptive voltage. However, these benefits are limited by their larger charging kva and increased circuit cost. These are two important considerations to keep in mind when considering bundled conductors. One circuit would carry a huge amount of power if it had multiple conductors. A two-conductor bundle would provide electrical characteristics equivalent to one single conductor of up to eight inches in diameter.

In addition to minimizing surge impedance, bundled conductors in transmission lines will also improve loading capability and reduce circuit cost. The optimal separation between two parallel bundles is a minimum value, which is inversely proportional to the voltage gradient. A larger separation balances the effects of reduced corona performance, slightly increased circuit cost, and decreased reactance. Moreover, the gradient on the surface of the conductor is not uniform and varies cosinusoidally.