Monthly Archives: December 2016

Space+Materiality, Year 1

BEFORE AND AFTER : HONEYCOMB INSTALLATION :

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BEFORE:

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AFTER:

 

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For the afterlife of my installation I preserved the cocoons and made a lamp from them to decorate a little area in my dorm area (near the kitchen) where there is a footstool where everyone always leaves their coats or sits to read a book. I placed them there as I thought the bubbly looking cocoons create a cloud like looking lamp and therefore go well with the corner and make it look very comforting. This way the lamp create an almost dreamlike cloud shape ‘floating’ over ones head when one reads, which I thought was lovely.

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Writing for Multilingual’s : Brian Wilson had The Beatles

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Brian Wilson had The Beatles

When regarding the matter of creative rivalry it is often said, that ‘every creative person needs a rival’ (1). However, is this truly the case? Does rivalry push oneself above and beyond one’s usual standards and enhances your one’s own artistic awareness or is it simply an obsessive way to proof who is the ‘better’ artist, photographer or such.

Within his online blog, Edward Boches tackles this question, by giving examples of many famous artists, one would most likely consider household names. He argues for the cause saying ‘Michelangelo had Raphael. Steve Jobs sparred with Bill Gates. Magic Johnson pushed Larry Bird. In every case these rivalries made both parties better, more inventive, more creative.’ (1)

However, was it truly the sense of competition which made these artists more successful over time or was it their increased dedication to practice their craft. Whilst I do agree with Boches that this might have been stimulated by a sense of rivalry, still I do not believe having a rival means magically becoming more successful at one’s craft. In fact, being one of two or more within a rivalry also can arise challenges. This is due to the fact, that it may cause one of the rivals to fall into deep despair or even depression, hence he or she constantly keeps setting the bar to high and fails to achieve the desired goal.

An occurrence in which this seemed to be the case, at least partially, was the case of rivalry between Brian Wilson and The Beatles.

Although Wilson did see success, greater then many others would, comparing his success to the success of the Beatles, left the musician deeply disappointed and often times severely depressed.

Furthermore hence the  beach boys and the Beatles were signed by the same label, close contact with the rivals was inevitable and constant. So when the Beatles released their album Rubber Soul in the 1965’s Wilson knew it was of impeccable importance to keep up with the genius of the British found band and he did. Pet Sounds, released May 16, 1966 was without doubt ‘the greatest artistic achievement’ the beach boys would experience within their time as a popular rock band. However, if one experiences such great success this fast, the pressure of having to constantly outdo oneself can be almost unbearable. One can become haunted by the fear of failure.

‘ the Beatles’ music was becoming more complex, not just from a lyrical perspective, but also from a studio engineering standpoint.’ (2) Wilson had to keep up, but he failed eventually, which allegedly led to him experiencing a mental breakdown after the Beatles’ ‘Revolver’ was released.

However, this rivalry did also cause some good for Wilson after all, if it had not been for the release of rubber should, the world may have never heard ‘God Only Knows’ which Brian Wilson allegedly wrote together with his songwriting partner Tony Asher after hearing the Beatles’ 1965 album for the first time. ‘ he was so astonished by the album that the next morning, he went straight to his piano and started writing ‘God Only Knows’’. (2)

Meanwhile the Beatles, without a doubt also profited from the rivalry, as it allowed the media to constantly rage over who deserves to be ‘at the top’.

Overall, this particular rivalry may have had its challenges for both parties, yet even though one in particular seemed to suffer, it undoubtedly had a positive effect upon its rivals. Therefore I do agree with the idea, that every creative person benefits from having a rival. However wether it is a necessity one shall leave up to the individual to decide for themselves.

(1)

Bochus, Edward. ‘Every creative person needs a rival.’ Creativity Unbound. August 04, 2015. Accessed December 14, 2016. http://edwardboches.com/every-creative-person-needs-a-rival

(2)

Moss, Charles J. “How the Beatles’ ‘Revolver’ Gave Brian Wilson a Nervous Breakdown.” Medium. August 10, 2016. Accessed December 14, 2016. https://medium.com/cuepoint/how-the-beatles-revolver-gave-brian-wilson-a-nervous-breakdown-4b3939c4e0e5.

(3) Gould, by Jonathan ‘Ebook: Cant’t buy me Love’ Crown/Archetype. October 2, 2007. New York, NY.

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Writing for Multilingual’s : Final Essay – Renaissance Masters: The Rivalry of Michelangelo and Leonardo

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Two renaissance geniuses, one phenomenal rivalry. Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci and Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni are surely one of the two most worshipped artists of all time. The rivalry between these to renaissance greats is probably the most well known and most legendary of them all. Yet, who is considered the greatest, most talented of them all? Is a distinction of such a title even possible with two men of such impeccable genius. Moreover, was this one of a kind rivalry at all beneficial, to the two artist to push each individual beyond their comfort zone, or did it simply lead to conflicts and bruised egos.

One could argue, that this rivalry was in-particularly fascinating as the two renaissance artists were in deed quite similar, regarding their artistic outcome. Both exhibited incredible observational skills as well as a never ending thirst in the search for outstanding excellence. However, they both also portrayed distinctive differences within their method of creation, especially regarding the amount of time in which the masterpieces were created, which may be due to their distinctively different personalities and different preference in material.

Leonardo was a man constantly seeking for perfection. This most likely was due to him being a perfectionist. However doing so, in the case of Leonardo took a preponderance of time, especially since da Vinci tent to have difficulty completing his masterpieces. ‘This lack of “stick-to-it-ness” resulted in his completing only about six works in these 17 years, including “The Last Supper” and “The Virgin of the Rocks” and he left dozens of paintings and projects unfinished or unrealized. Nevertheless many were very much fond of da Vinci talent. In particular Giorgio Vasari, who stated “In the normal course of events many men and women are born with remarkable talents; but occasionally, in a way that transcends nature, a single person is marvelously endowed by Heaven with beauty, grace and talent in such abundance that he leaves other men far behind, all his actions seem inspired and indeed everything he does clearly comes from God rather than from human skill. Everyone acknowledged that this was true of Leonardo da Vinci, an artist of outstanding physical beauty, who displayed infinite grace in everything that he did and who cultivated his genius so brilliantly that all problems he studied he solved with ease”.

Furthermore, Leonardos was known to be especially fond of observing the natural beauty of his surroundings and recording these as illustrative analytical studies within his sketchbooks. His habit of doing so was first documented between 1490 and 1495. His sketchbooks were filled with a vast variety of designs including architecture, mathematics, the elements of mechanics, music, engineering, botany and human anatomy, which helped him to be referred to as the man of “unquenchable curiosity” and be considered the embodiment of a universal genius. However, even though he may not have had an inquiring mind as great as Leonardo, Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni was da vinci’s fiercest competitor and unbearably eager to live up to the master’s talent.

Furthermore, during the renaissance Michelangelo was known to be a notorious rival, not only to Leonardo, but to any artist who crossed his path. This fact was further reinforced when di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni did not hesitate to attempt a sculptor two other artists, Agostino and Antonio Rossellino, who had already failed upon and hence abandoned. The statue of  the biblical hero ‘David’, which was approximately 17-foot tall and hence also referred to as ‘the giant’, to this day is noted as michelangelos greatest achievement. Which one could argue was due to Michelangelos seeking to outshine his competitors Agostino and Antonio Rossellino, as he needed to prove he could do what now other artist could, therefore entitleing himself as ‘the most capable’ artist. From this point on, with previous masterpieces, such as ‘La pieta’ Michelangelo indeed became to be considered the master of sculptor within the renaissance and became to be known as the greatest living artist during his life time. Yet with a competitor such as Leonardo da Vinci, it was difficult to justify this title.

However, when the two renaissance greats were commissioned by Piero Soderini, the Mayor of the city of Florence, to create a fresco painting each, both had to surrender their preferences in order to proof their genius. The objective was to paint the walls of Palazzo Vecchio, which had two grand halls. Da Vinci should paint the Battle of Anghiari upon the western hall and michelangelo was commissioned to create a fresco portraying the Battle of Cascina upon the eastern hall. Bothe artist were said to have rather different approaches to the execution of this competition. Leonardo was sure to be to slow to finish within the given time, therefore he focused upon outshining Michelingelo’s work by using an unpracticed method called ‘encaustic painting’, as this practice would create a bright coloring within the walls rather then traditional fresco, which would have resulted in michelangelos work looking dull in comparrison. Encaustic painting necessitate the desired color to be mixed with beeswax and then be fixed using heat. However due to the large scale of the hall, the experimentent failed as the necessitated heating point could not be reached, which resulted in the paint running down the walls. This caused disappointed Leonardo to abandon the project. However da Vinci had not been defeated, as Michelangelo never even started his painting process, due to the fact he was still occupied with the completion of his masterpiece ‘David’.

Furthermore, even though, in this case both artists failed to complete the challenge given to them, this example exhibits how the rivalry between the two renaissance artist helped them to push themselves beyond their usual comfort zone and attempt new practices due to need of outshining each other, due to their constant practice of paragone. This was particularly the case for da Vinci as he was  was already considered an acclaimed artist and thus could not allow the 23 year older Michelangelo to overshadow him and his work. However, one could argue it was exactly this sense of competition and pressure due to the rivalry, which helped Leonardo da Vinci to continue to keep his title as greatest genius of all time. Due to the fact that he could never allow himself to perform less then to his full potential, constantly practicing his craft and advancing his technique.

Therefore, the rivalry of Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo, even though it is mostly portrayed as a brutal fight, in actual face was most likely the source of both artists great achievements. To distinguish between who’s masterpiece is the the most successful however, is up to the eye of the beholder, as these artist without a doubt are of immeasurable and incomparable genius.

Integrative Seminar 1, Uncategorized

Final Piece Writing : Set 1. Studio 1.

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When looking back upon my development throughout the year and how it was influenced by the course theme ‘shift’, one thing which immediately springs to mind, for me, was working on poetry. (In particular haikus). The subtle structure, combined with a sense of shift truly opened my eyes to how one can create impact in just very view words. Furthermore, I feel a sense of shift is easily noticeable within my final project. For my final piece, I gather several dress shirts, then reassembling them into a gown. This represented the first stage of a shift. The next process was to alter the environment of the piece of clothing and how doing so would transform the garments surface.

Moreover, leading up to the final project, I focused on a sense of shift within a function and within physical manner, for example, a sense of distortion or metamorphosis to transitioning from one point to the other to serve a multi-purpose. Throughout the course, these were the two most prominent ways the idea of shift spoke to me, especially when reminiscing over past memories regarding a matter of physical shift,  function or transformation of an object.

Furthermore, regarding my experience with a sense of mental shift, when observing memory, I chose to write some of my pieces rather aloofly, almost comparable to a person being awake within a dream. However yet using a rather analytical tone, as if one was analyzing one’s own dream, stumbling upon memory.  A piece of writing from this course, which determined the analyzation of a mannerism of some kind, in my case, my father’s constant whistle, portrayed this way of writing. Yet within the writing, the mannerism was the main protagonist, so to speak, rather than the person executing it. This fact itself created a sense of shift within me, as it seems bizarre to me how an object would be associated with the ‘main character’ of a passage. Yet I found myself pleasantly surprised by this sensation of a mental shift, I experienced when writing the mentioned piece, due to this state of shifted awareness.

However, when addressing any sort of physical shift, one must notice the difference within a physical and mental shift. The later most commonly take place singularly within the brain, yet a sense of physical shift necessitates a process of transformation to be completed. Therefore this sense of shift was especially relevant to my final piece.

I felt this type of shift was highly evident throughout the course. I recall in particular an example within the studio classes, as for plenty of my projects, I would use materials which were once intended for another purpose and yet ended up being re-used for creative purposes. An example would be a large styrofoam ball, usually used for storage purposes, which shifted into a representation of a ‘map of emotional resonance’ of various places upon the planet earth. The objective was to work alongside four other peers and create a personalized topic, which however had to include an aspect of mapping. Therefore, I chose to brainstorm together with my group and ultimately came up with the idea of tracing one’s travels, then creating an accustomed coding system, which would represent mental/emotional, physical and works related shift within the person at the time of being present at the destination. Furthermore, as this project was held within a group, I felt the very exercise itself was an example of being influenced by a sense of shift, as oftentimes the main objective was to work on one’s final projects by oneself, ye this projects necessitated a shift of perspective when working, as is was a team setting, rather than a ‘solo mission’.

Overall, the sense of shift was strongly noticeable throughout the course and has definitely influenced my work. If I was to create further pieces of work based upon this subject matter, I would most definitely revisit the idea of shift within poetry, particularly haikus and try to incorporate this element within a physical shift. For example, one could print haiku texts onto fabric or other surfaces, which would then be used for multipurpose objects. This way the object would portray two types of shifts, mental shift via the writing and sense of shift within a function.

Integrative Seminar 1, Year 1

The Story Of Orange

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The Story of Orange

1. I often wondered about the answer to a much-asked question, ‘Which came first: Orange the fruit, or orange the color?’ (Shannon Mccook, Apparently, its origin dates back to 1280s, which I find fascinating, as it is such an ordinary everyday noun. I hear it was the Chinese who first introduced the world to the Orange, as the fruit is native there, yet it took plenty of iterations before it became a ‘household name’. From narānj as the Arabic community knew the fruit, all the way to the French who lovingly titled the little orange ball ‘Orange’, many believe it was named after the French town of the same name.
But the terminology of the actual color itself has quite a back story too, as it dates back to the 16th century. However, it is clear that the fruit must have come first.

2. Another way I encountered Orange was via tea. Blood orange and orange-cinnamon tea, in particular, are favorites within my family, especially during Christmas. The sweet scent and traditional orange color instantly create a sense of holiday spirit. In fact, fruit tea is a well-beloved beverage, enchanting the world’s taste buds and many making use of its refine flavor and bright color. I hear even royalty has a taste everyone in a while. Yet I hear the Queen of England indeed prefers a more savory flavor, ‘ ‘Twinings’ English breakfast tea in a bone china cup and saucer’ seems to be her taste, as mentioned within the pages of Hello Magazine. Yet her majesty also seems to be a fan of something sweet to go along with it. ‘Cornflakes’. Also, orange in color, the breakfast food must have cast a spell on her majesty, as she reportedly has been devouring it for decades. I wish my friends were as loyal to me as Elizabeth is to her cornflakes.

3. I wonder if The queen would still be eating cornflakes each morning if she knew their origin. According to Matt Soniak’s article, Cornflakes were invented in order to stop one’s sex drive. Surprised? – I was too. Apparently, in the 18th and 19th century, the western world thought it was ever so very uncouth to tough oneself or each other, many wanted to find a ‘cure’ against the body’s desires. Yet Physician John Harvey Kellogg had the solution to this rather odd problem. He believed it was all a matter of choosing the ‘right’ diet. Kellogg’s solution ‘oatmeal and corn meal baked into biscuits and then ground into tiny pieces’, later on, this formula was redefined into Kellogg’s Cornflakes, the ‘cure’ against bodily desires. The Cornflakes were made from Corn, which gave the flakes their prominent light orange color, which remains the same to this day. I wonder if the Queen would still be as loyal to her beloved breakfast if Kellogg’s Cornflakes would still remain truthful today to their odd and clearly outdated advertisement slogan.

4. The color Orange itself is also often used within other adverbs due to its psychological effect on the human brain. ‘Orange’ is known to be stimulating and therefore enthuse the viewer. This, of course, is a very desirable effect to be had on a consumer. Therefore, Orange is used for lettering, labels and such many times, as it is also known to draw attention. One of the most famous examples of such use of the color within the world of advertisement would be ‘Fanta’, but also ‘Orange’ the phone company. Furthermore, I also noticed many sports brands make use of the color, which could be due to its association to energy. However, it is also commonly associated with a sense of spirituality due to its sunsets alike the color scheme – “The color orange makes me think of spirituality and compassion. I find that meditation is helped when I am close to orange objects.” – Sikhme

5. However, R.E.M. a popular band in the 00’s, chose to portray the color, usually associated with rather happy associations, in a rather sinister tone, when retesting their song ‘Orange crush’. The song was written about Agent Orange, an herbicide used by the U.S. Military in Vietnam.
The song’s chorus ‘Follow me, don’t follow me, I’ve got my spine, I’ve got my orange crush’, to me seems as a play on ‘spineless behavior’ of the U.S. Military for using a substance that is toxic to plants and therefore harming the planet.

6. Nevertheless, Orange has always been a crowd favorite, especially ‘Fanta Orange’. The classic beverage, made from “leftovers of leftovers”, as said by Max Keith, was founded during world war 2, due to difficulties of importing Coca-Cola into nazi Germany. The product is made from whey and apple pomace, creating a distinct orange color. The name Fanta itself, occurred due to a pun in German, as together with his colleagues, Keith used his ‘Fantasie’ ( word for imagination in German) to come up with a name for the product, resulting in the first five letters ultimately becoming the name of the beverage.

7. However ‘Fanta’ shall not be confused with ‘Fanta 4’, which is the name of a German pop band. The band playfully used the similarity to the brand by using the color orange within their music videos and styling choice. ‘Fanta 4’, which actually stands for ‘Fantastische vier’ (fantastic four) was particularly popular in the 90’s with their song ‘Troy’. In this music video in particular one can notice a hint of orange in almost all of the shots. This can be seen as yet another playful take on the similarity.

8. Within the 90’s music scene the use of Orange for the styling of music videos was a rising trend. An example for this would be ‘Say my Name’ by Destiny’s Child. The music video features four different rooms, completely designed in a singular color. However, the most prominent room, featuring the main vocalist Beyonce knows, is designed using Orange. This may be so that she is the main focus for the audience, hence the color is particularly bright and noticeable throughout the composition of the music video. This fact becomes even more emphasized as the video progresses and the other rooms designed in blue, white and red, merge with the orange elements of the shoot.

9. Another music video featuring the color blocking trend, popular in music video production during 90’s is Christina Milian’s ‘When You Look At Me’ music video. Even though this video focused more on a rather blood-tinted orange, the traditional version of the color was also heavily portrayed. Another distinctive detail of this particular music video is the fact that Milligan’s make up was designed to match her outfit and scenery background, all in Orange.

10. Red lipstick was a must for any woman of style throughout centuries. However, many forget that, in fact, lipstick was not truthfully red, to begin with, rather it was orange in color. This was due to the fact it was first accumulated by crushing a specific kind of Beatle. In ancient Egypt.
However, many give credit to ancient Sumerians for the invention of lipstick, as some ‘lipsticks’ were able to be traced back to the incredible date of 3,500 B.C.

11. When dissolving lipstick colors throughout history, it is also interesting to note, that although pastors in the 1500’s tried to ban women from painting their lips, Queen Elizabeth I continued to rule her land, wearing lipstick. She counteracted the church, who described colored lips as ‘devil’s work’, creating one of the first ‘fashion statement’ looks, so to speak. All thanks to her Vermilion lips.

12. Vermilion, is known as the reddish orange shade of color gained from the pigment found in the mineral cinnabar. It was one of the most popular colors within renaissance paintings. However, the use of vermilion can be dated back to as early as 79 AD, where its use was evident within a painting in ‘the Villa of Mysteries’ in Pompeii.
The color is associated with warmth, power, and life, hence it was often used for religious painting or portrayal of worship. An example would be Titan’s painting ‘Assumption of the Virgin’ (1516–18), in which he used vermilion to paint the robes, most likely to create emphasis upon the Virgin, as the color would stand out against the cool background. Another example would be ‘the painting of Saint Jerome’ by Masaccio (1428–29) , which also featured the use of the reddish Orange color. However, as the production of vermilion is rather uneconomical, modern day colors which come closest to the recreation of the historic shade would be Pantone Solid Coated 179 C. Furthermore, there are also many of portraits such as ‘The Hampden Portrait of Elizabeth I’ painted by Van Der Meulen (the 1560’s) which also featured Elisabeth’s vermillion lips. When observing the picture, in particular, the one’s in which she is portrayed against a rather monotone background, her vermilion lips truly ‘pop’ and demand attention. To some this could be seen as the first step towards color blocking.

13. The use of color blocking, especially using the color orange has been around for decades. Orange was oftentimes used within propaganda, as it calls for attention and thus attracts the viewer’s eyes. Especially Chinese propaganda posters feature the color. Apart from the previously mentioned reason, this may also be due to the fact, that China’s flag features the colors red and yellow, which merged together equal Orange. Thus the color serves not only the fact of enticing its viewers but representing their motherland all at once.

14. I asked my companion, Caroline Distler, what the color would mean to her and if she had a specific association with it. Immediately Caroline mentioned pumpkins and the celebration of Halloween. When asked why she felt this was her primary association to the rather versatile color, she mentioned that within her motherland, America, the portrayal of Orange seems to be most prominent during this holiday. Moreover, Caroline did state, however, that her home state, Kansas, does not have a specific association with ‘Orange’. Yet when Distler went to visit Florida, she found herself surrounded by the fruit, which imprinted a memory within her, associating Orange with the sunshine state. I foster elaborated upon my question and asked if the color would trigger any other form of emotion or memories. Yet Distler found it difficult to answer, as she felt Orange would not be as prominent within her ever-day life as it may be for someone else. However, she did mention the color reminding her of stationary and coloring pens, both things she was fond of when a child, as well as paper envelopes.

15. Whilst listening to Caroline talking about Halloween and her fondness of Pumpkins, in particular, I recalled my visit to Union Square. There were pumpkins too, all shapes and sizes. The leaves upon the trees were colored in every shade of Orange, from Vermilion to cantaloupe, Apricot to Gamboge. It was like a Kaleidoscope of Orange.

16. I kept waking as the leaves fell down onto the wet pavement of Union Square, a woman walked beside me, her socks also Orange, matching her coat in bright ‘Monarch Orange’. I could tell it was a Burberry coat. I had seen it before, even tried it on myself. It had tassels everywhere. It was incredible how precisely her coat and her socks matched, even though they must have been from different manufactures, as I know Burberry never made plain orange socks.

17. As I followed the lady in the orange coat in awe and then I wondered around the square, just watching the leaves fall, I wondered how many people must have written poems about leaves falling from trees. Trees have been around ever since human waled upon this earth, at least one would think so, thus the amount of poems regarding trees, or much rather Orange leaves falling from them in autumn must be overwhelming.

18. ‘Down, down, Yellow and brown, The leaves are falling, Over the town.’ this poem by Eleanor Farjean called ‘Down, Down’ is precisely the type of poetry I imagined to be written on an ordinary autumn day. Leaves falling, like colorful rain. The color Orange everywhere. However, when one analyses this piece of poetry more sharply, it could be put into context in various ways. Farjean could have simply put onto paper what she saw out of a window or when out on a walk, yet when foster analyzing the poem, I could sense a slightly sinister tone. This could be interpreted as Farjean using color (‘Yellow and Brown’) as a metaphor for aging, the colors signify the death of the leafs. This thought stuck with em as I kept wondering through Union Square, walking through the streets of New York.

19. Further wondering through the market, I bought a bottle filled with Orange oil. Its scent was ever so intense and sweet, almost enticing. Yet the color was not orange at all. I felt it was very bizarre how the fruit and the color have the same name, yet are so clearly dividable. The though often crosses my mind. Two words, identical, yet so very different in meaning. However still remain to have one similarity. The color ‘ Orange`.

20. ‘Orange’, a term ever so shifting, under-appreciated, yet ever so present. It has made its mark through history, both as a fruit and as a color. Enabling painters to build upon its beauty, artists to be inspired by its uniqueness, poets struggling to rhyme upon its wording. However ‘Orange’ in whichever form it may occur surely is one thing always, unique.

‘Orange, the perfect color for me.
The odd one, the bright one.
Fire is orange and I have fire in me.
Orange is beautiful, I am too you see.
Orange always manages to stand out,
I too stand out, always wanting to fit in.
A tear tickles my chin,
as the thought of never to fit in
swims in my mind.
A friend is what I need,
a friend in orange I always find.
Because you see, orange is the color for me.
Nothing will ever rhyme with orange,
and nobody will ever choose me.’
(‘Orange’ By Jenovah)

 

 

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Antonia Groh

McCook, Shannon. “Which Came First: The Fruit or the Color?” Community Table. 2014. Accessed December 02, 2016. http://communitytable.parade.com/253694/smccook/which-came-first-the-fruit-or-the-color-orange/.

Hola “A Peek at the Queen’s Breakfast: Twinings Tea, Cookies and Cornflakes.” HOLA. 2015. Accessed December 1, 2016. http://us.hellomagazine.com/cuisine/2015090427085/queen-elizabeth-peek-at-breakfast/.

Soniak, Matt. “Corn Flakes Were Invented as Part of an Anti-Masturbation Crusade.” Mental Floss. December 28, 2012. Accessed December 2, 2016. http://mentalfloss.com/article/32042/corn-flakes-were-invented-part-anti-masturbation-crusade.

Kahn, Wolf. “How Does Orange Make You Feel?” Verywell. September 06, 2016. Accessed December 02, 2016. https://www.verywell.com/the-color-psychology-of-orange-2795818.

“Thoughts on Orange.” Interview by Antonia Groh. December 01, 2016

Idacavage, Sara. Fashionista.com. July 01, 2016. Accessed December 02, 2016. http://fashionista.com/2016/07/best-red-lipstick-history.

Howard, Jacci. “Vermilion. The Other Orange.” About.com Tech. October 14, 2016. Accessed December 03, 2016. http://desktoppub.about.com/od/choosingcolors/f/What-Color-Is-Vermilion.htm.

Collins, Claire. “Orange Poems on Hello Poetry.” Hello Poetry. Accessed December 03, 2016. http://hellopoetry.com/words/4170/orange/poems/.

Jehovah. “Orange Poems on Hello Poetry.” Hello Poetry. Accessed December 03, 2016. http://hellopoetry.com/words/4170/orange/poems/.